This a bit off the topic of grand minimums but an important paper which could result in the reevaluation of the sun’s influence on climate.
Propagation of Error and the Reliability of Global Air Temperature Projections
Patrick Frank
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, United States
The reliability of general circulation climate model (GCM) global air temperature projections is evaluated for the first time, by way of propagation of model calibration error. An extensive series of demonstrations show that GCM air temperature projections are just linear extrapolations of fractional greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. Linear projections are subject to linear propagation of error. A directly relevant GCM calibration metric is the annual average ±12.1% error in global annual average cloud fraction produced within CMIP5 climate models. This error is strongly pair-wise correlated across models, implying a source in deficient theory. The resulting long-wave cloud forcing (LWCF) error introduces an annual average ±4 Wm–2 uncertainty into the simulated tropospheric thermal energy flux. This annual ±4 Wm–2 simulation uncertainty is ±114 × larger than the…
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The Next Grand Minimum 
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